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Senghenydd Colliery Disaster
The Senghenydd Colliery Disaster, also known as the Senghenydd Explosion (Welsh: ''Tanchwa Senghennydd''), occurred in Senghenydd, near Caerphilly, Glamorgan, Wales, on 14 October 1913, killing 439 miners and one rescuer. It is the worst mining accident in the United Kingdom, and one of the most serious globally in terms of loss of life. The explosion gained this distinction nearly half a century after the previous worst disaster – the Oaks explosion at Oaks Pit, in Barnsley, Yorkshire, on 12 December 1866, when 388 workers died in two separate explosions.〔BBC News, Major mining disasters in Britain http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-14941020〕
== Background ==
The demand for Welsh steam coal before World War I was enormous, driven by the huge increase in the export trade in Welsh coal from the 1840s. Coal output from British mines peaked in 1913, and there were a correspondingly large number of accidents around this time.
Universal Colliery was developed from 1891, and owned by William Thomas Lewis.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Universal Colliery Senghenydd )〕 In 1901 an explosion at the colliery killed 81 men. The Mines Inspectorate was critical of Lewis for not improving safety. In 1911, Lewis was created 1st Baron Merthyr. In that same year, the new Mines Act required that by the 1st January 1913 all collieries were to be capable of reversing the air current ventilating the mine. No work was undertaken at Senghenydd to implement this requirement and the Mines Inspectorate gave Lewis an extended deadline of September 1913 to complete the work, but again this deadline was missed.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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